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[…] through user-generated input. For example, a 2015 claim against Snap, Inc. survived Section 230 dismissal following a claim that a specific “Speed Filter” Snapchat feature (since discontinued) promoted reckless driving.  In other cases, the personalization of a system through demographic-based targeting that causes harm may also implicate tort and product liability law when organizations […]

[…] personality-like features, whether it is a specific voice mode, or a consistent persona, or even a range of “AI companions.” Even if companion-like personalities are not directly promoted as features, users can build them using system prompts and customized design; an early 2023 feature of OpenAI enabled users to create custom GPTs.  Figure 3 […]

Conversational AI technologies are hyper-personalizing. Across sectors, companies are focused on offering personalized experiences that are tailored to users’ preferences, behaviors, and virtual and physical environments. These range from general purpose LLMs, to the rapidly growing market for LLM-powered AI companions, educational aides, and corporate assistants. There are clear trends among this overall focus: towards […]

[…] bills contain such exemptions—legislation might still inadvertently capture other accepted practices such as specials aligned with seasonal changes, bulk purchase discounts, deals on goods nearing expiration, or promotions to clear inventory. Lawmakers must also consider how any new definitions interact with definitions in existing law. For example, an early version of California AB 446, […]

[…] for “Competition/Data Protection in an AI World.” Joined by Maureen Ohlhausen, Partner at Wilson Sonsini and Peter Swire, FPF Senior Fellow, and J.Z. Liang Chair at the Georgia Institute of Technology, this panel asked discussants to consider the key intersection between privacy and competition in the age of AI, focusing specifically on how regulators […]

In May 2025, Nebraska and Vermont passed Age-Appropriate Design Code Acts (AADCs), continuing the bipartisan trend of states advancing protections for youth online. While these new bills arrived within the same week and share both a common name and general purpose, their scope, applicability, and substance take two very different approaches to a common goal: […]

[…] lowest numerical applicability thresholds of any of the state comprehensive privacy laws when the law was enacted in 2023. At that time, prior comprehensive privacy laws in Virginia, Colorado, Utah, Connecticut, Iowa, and Indiana all applied to controllers that either (1) control or process the personal data of at least 100,000 consumers (“the general […]

[…] small or if keys are compromised. Secure implementation requires strong, unique salts per record and careful key management. Pseudonymization: As defined earlier, identifiers are replaced with artificial codes or pseudonyms. The link between the pseudonym and the real identity is maintained (often separately), allowing potential re-identification. k-Anonymity: This is a formal privacy model, not […]